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اشراقه صباح
, Oct 02 2010 07:54 PM
#1
تاريخ المشاركة 02 October 2010 - 07:54 PM
اهلاااا وسسهللا ..
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كل عام وانتو بألف خير وسنه جديده ان شاء الله سعيده وتممر بسسرعه .. << اخلصي علينا
الله يعافيكم ابي مساعدتكم في شي بسسيط .. !
عندنا زي التعبير لازم نعبر عن شخص مشهور اول اي شخص مثلا ض1
سيرته الشخصيه وكذا ..
فـ ابي الله يعافيكم تعطوني رايكم وش اكتب عن ايشش ؟
واللي قد كتبت تساعدني الله يعافيها .. ق1
شووكرا جدا جدداا ..
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كل عام وانتو بألف خير وسنه جديده ان شاء الله سعيده وتممر بسسرعه .. << اخلصي علينا
الله يعافيكم ابي مساعدتكم في شي بسسيط .. !
عندنا زي التعبير لازم نعبر عن شخص مشهور اول اي شخص مثلا ض1
سيرته الشخصيه وكذا ..
فـ ابي الله يعافيكم تعطوني رايكم وش اكتب عن ايشش ؟
واللي قد كتبت تساعدني الله يعافيها .. ق1
شووكرا جدا جدداا ..
#2
تاريخ المشاركة 03 October 2010 - 12:15 PM
السلام عليكــم ورحمـة الله وبركاتــه ،،
حياك الله إشراقة صباح
وكل عام وأنت بخير و سلامة
طيب أبحثي عن شخصية في النت ثم ترجميها باللغة الإنجليزية
هنا
أخترت لك شخصية معاوية بن أبي سفيان
إقتباس
معاوية بن أبي سفيان :
ينتسب معاوية بن أبي سفيان، مؤسس الدولة الأموية التي دان لها المسلمون قرابة تسعين سنة ، إلى أمية بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف بن قصي ، وأمه هي هند بنت عتبة بن ربيعة بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف .. وكان أمية من سادة قريش في الجاهلية، وكذلك كان هاشم بن عبد مناف ، لهذا لا نعجب إذا تنافس هذان البطنان على رياسة قريش، وكان أمية كثير المال والعيال ، فكان له عشرة أولاد امتازوا بالشرف والسيادة ومنهم حرب وسفيان وأبو سفيان .. وكان حرب بن أمية قائد قريش يوم الفجار ، كما قاد أبو سفيان قريشاً في حروبها ضد النبي عليه السلام ، وهو صاحب العير القادمة من الشام إلى مكة ، والتي وقعت من أجلها غزوة بدر الكبرى .. وكان قائد الجيش النافر وقتئذ لحماية قريش ، عتبة بن عبد شمس جد معاوية لأمه .. فكان أبوه صاحب العير، وجده صاحب النفير، وبهما يضرب المثل فيقال للخامل : ( لا في العير ولا في النفير) .. وقد ولد معاوية بن أبي سفيان بمكة قبل البعثة بخمس سنين ..
إسلامه :
أسلم معاوية يوم فتح مكة، هو وأبوه وأخوه يزيد وأمه هند .. وصل معاوية إلى ثلاث وعشرون سنة، فاتخذه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم كاتباً للوحي .. ولما فتحت مكة في السنة الثامنة للهجرة أراد أبو سفيان أن يمنع الأذى والمذلة عن قومه ، وأنهى العباس ذلك إلى الرسول، فأمر منادياً ينادي بمكة : ( من أغمد سيفه فهو آمن ، ومن دخل المسجد فهو آمن ، ومن دخل دار أبي سفيان فهو آمن ) .. وبذلك سوى الرسول بين بيت أبي سفيان وبيت الله ، وهو شرف عظيم لم ينله أحد مثله، فلا نعجب بعد ذلك إذا أسلم كثير منهم وأخذوا يعملون على نشر الإسلام ومد فتوحاته ..
معاوية في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين :
أبلى بنو أمية بلاءاً حسناً في حروب الردة، وسار بعضهم إلى الشام، فاشتهر أمرهم وعظم ذكرهم، ومنهم يزيد بن أبي سفيان الذي ولاه أبو بكر قيادة الجيوش الأربعة التي أنفذها لفتح الشام .. وقد ولاه عمر دمشق ، كما ولي أخاه معاوية بعض ولايات بلاد الشام .. فلما مات يزيد أضاف عمر إلى معاوية ما كان لأخيه .. ولما تسلم عثمان بن عفان الخلافة ولي معاوية الشام كلها ، ثم استقل بهذه البلاد بعد مقتل عثمان .. وعندما بويع علي بن أبي طالب في المدينة امتنع معاوية عن المبايعة له ، متهماً إياه بالهوادة في أمر عثمان وإيوائه قتلته وعدم القصاص منهم .. وبايعه أهل الشام على المطالبة بدم عثمان ومحاربة علي ، مما أوقع الخلاف والشقاق بين أهل العراق وأهل الشام .. وقصارى القول فإن بيت عبد شمس انتقل من السيادة في الجاهلية إلى السيادة في الإسلام.
صفات معاوية :
كان معاوية داهية من دهاة العرب، ومن أوفرهم حظاً في السياسة .. وكان حسن التدبير لأمور الملك ، يحلم في مواضع الحلم ويشتد في مواضع الشدة .. وكان سخياً مضيافاً لأشراف رعيته .. وقد استطاع أن يجذب إليه الرجال ذوي الآراء المعتدلة في الأحزاب المعارضة ، فاستطاع أن يكبح جماح المسلمين عامة والخوارج خاصة .. وخضع له من أبناء المهاجرين والأنصار من يعتقد أنه أولى بالخلافة.
وصية لإبنه قبيل وفاته :
لما مرض معاوية مرض الموت أوصى ابنه يزيد وصية تدل على سداد رأيه وخبرته بالأمور ومعرفته بالرجال فقال له : أنظر إلى أهل الحجاز، منهم أصلك وعزك، فمن أتاك منهم فأكرمه ومن قصر عنك فتعاهده .. وانظر أهل العراق فإن سألوك عزل عامل في كل يوم فاعزله، فإن عزل عامل واحد أهون من سل مائة سيف، لا تدري على من تكون الدوائر .. ثم أنظر أهل الشام فاجعلهم الشعار دون الدثار، فإن رابك عدوك ريب فارمه بهم .. لست أخاف عليك إلا ثلاثة: الحسين بن علي، وعبدالله بن الزبير وعبدالله بن عمر، فأما الحسين بن علي فأرجو أن يكفيكه الله ، وأما ابن الزبير فإنه خب (داهية) ضب ، فإن ظفرت به فقطعه إرباً إرباً .. وأما ابن عمر فإنه رجل قد وقذه الورع (تركه عليلاً)، فخل بينه وبين آخرته يخل بينك وبين دنياك .. وقد مات معاوية في رجب سنة 60 هـ.
ينتسب معاوية بن أبي سفيان، مؤسس الدولة الأموية التي دان لها المسلمون قرابة تسعين سنة ، إلى أمية بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف بن قصي ، وأمه هي هند بنت عتبة بن ربيعة بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف .. وكان أمية من سادة قريش في الجاهلية، وكذلك كان هاشم بن عبد مناف ، لهذا لا نعجب إذا تنافس هذان البطنان على رياسة قريش، وكان أمية كثير المال والعيال ، فكان له عشرة أولاد امتازوا بالشرف والسيادة ومنهم حرب وسفيان وأبو سفيان .. وكان حرب بن أمية قائد قريش يوم الفجار ، كما قاد أبو سفيان قريشاً في حروبها ضد النبي عليه السلام ، وهو صاحب العير القادمة من الشام إلى مكة ، والتي وقعت من أجلها غزوة بدر الكبرى .. وكان قائد الجيش النافر وقتئذ لحماية قريش ، عتبة بن عبد شمس جد معاوية لأمه .. فكان أبوه صاحب العير، وجده صاحب النفير، وبهما يضرب المثل فيقال للخامل : ( لا في العير ولا في النفير) .. وقد ولد معاوية بن أبي سفيان بمكة قبل البعثة بخمس سنين ..
إسلامه :
أسلم معاوية يوم فتح مكة، هو وأبوه وأخوه يزيد وأمه هند .. وصل معاوية إلى ثلاث وعشرون سنة، فاتخذه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم كاتباً للوحي .. ولما فتحت مكة في السنة الثامنة للهجرة أراد أبو سفيان أن يمنع الأذى والمذلة عن قومه ، وأنهى العباس ذلك إلى الرسول، فأمر منادياً ينادي بمكة : ( من أغمد سيفه فهو آمن ، ومن دخل المسجد فهو آمن ، ومن دخل دار أبي سفيان فهو آمن ) .. وبذلك سوى الرسول بين بيت أبي سفيان وبيت الله ، وهو شرف عظيم لم ينله أحد مثله، فلا نعجب بعد ذلك إذا أسلم كثير منهم وأخذوا يعملون على نشر الإسلام ومد فتوحاته ..
معاوية في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين :
أبلى بنو أمية بلاءاً حسناً في حروب الردة، وسار بعضهم إلى الشام، فاشتهر أمرهم وعظم ذكرهم، ومنهم يزيد بن أبي سفيان الذي ولاه أبو بكر قيادة الجيوش الأربعة التي أنفذها لفتح الشام .. وقد ولاه عمر دمشق ، كما ولي أخاه معاوية بعض ولايات بلاد الشام .. فلما مات يزيد أضاف عمر إلى معاوية ما كان لأخيه .. ولما تسلم عثمان بن عفان الخلافة ولي معاوية الشام كلها ، ثم استقل بهذه البلاد بعد مقتل عثمان .. وعندما بويع علي بن أبي طالب في المدينة امتنع معاوية عن المبايعة له ، متهماً إياه بالهوادة في أمر عثمان وإيوائه قتلته وعدم القصاص منهم .. وبايعه أهل الشام على المطالبة بدم عثمان ومحاربة علي ، مما أوقع الخلاف والشقاق بين أهل العراق وأهل الشام .. وقصارى القول فإن بيت عبد شمس انتقل من السيادة في الجاهلية إلى السيادة في الإسلام.
صفات معاوية :
كان معاوية داهية من دهاة العرب، ومن أوفرهم حظاً في السياسة .. وكان حسن التدبير لأمور الملك ، يحلم في مواضع الحلم ويشتد في مواضع الشدة .. وكان سخياً مضيافاً لأشراف رعيته .. وقد استطاع أن يجذب إليه الرجال ذوي الآراء المعتدلة في الأحزاب المعارضة ، فاستطاع أن يكبح جماح المسلمين عامة والخوارج خاصة .. وخضع له من أبناء المهاجرين والأنصار من يعتقد أنه أولى بالخلافة.
وصية لإبنه قبيل وفاته :
لما مرض معاوية مرض الموت أوصى ابنه يزيد وصية تدل على سداد رأيه وخبرته بالأمور ومعرفته بالرجال فقال له : أنظر إلى أهل الحجاز، منهم أصلك وعزك، فمن أتاك منهم فأكرمه ومن قصر عنك فتعاهده .. وانظر أهل العراق فإن سألوك عزل عامل في كل يوم فاعزله، فإن عزل عامل واحد أهون من سل مائة سيف، لا تدري على من تكون الدوائر .. ثم أنظر أهل الشام فاجعلهم الشعار دون الدثار، فإن رابك عدوك ريب فارمه بهم .. لست أخاف عليك إلا ثلاثة: الحسين بن علي، وعبدالله بن الزبير وعبدالله بن عمر، فأما الحسين بن علي فأرجو أن يكفيكه الله ، وأما ابن الزبير فإنه خب (داهية) ضب ، فإن ظفرت به فقطعه إرباً إرباً .. وأما ابن عمر فإنه رجل قد وقذه الورع (تركه عليلاً)، فخل بينه وبين آخرته يخل بينك وبين دنياك .. وقد مات معاوية في رجب سنة 60 هـ.
تنسخين هذه المعلومات وتلصقينها في اي مترجم
هنا بعد الترجمة
إقتباس
Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan:
Belongs Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, the founder of the Umayyad Muslims condemn her almost ninety years old, to illiteracy ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf bin Qusai, and his mother is the threshold bin Hind bint Rabiah ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf .. The illiteracy of the masters of Quraish in ignorance, as was Hashim Bin Abd Manaf, so do not wonder if we compete with these Batnan the principality of Quraish, and the illiteracy of many money and the children, and he had a dozen children have excelled honor and sovereignty, including war and Sufyan Abu Sufyan .. The son of illiterate war leader of Quraish on lechery, and led by Abu Sufyan Qureshi in the wars against the Prophet peace be upon him, the owner of the caravan coming from Syria to Mecca, which took place for which the Great Battle of Badr .. The commander of the army at the time dispersion for the protection of the Quraysh, the threshold bin Abd Shams Sid's grandfather to his mother .. His father was the owner of the caravan, he found his horn, and said to them set an example for the Inactive: (not in the caravan or in the eustachian tube) .. He was born Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan in Mecca before the mission five years ..
Islam:
Sid the safest day of the conquest of Mecca, he and his father and his brother and his mother over India .. Sid arrived to twenty-three years old, Vatakzh Prophet peace be upon him a writer of Revelation .. When opened Makkah in the eighth year of the migration of wanted Abu Sufyan to prevent harm and humiliation for his people, and ended Abbas that the Prophet, ordered calling for calls in Mecca: (from Sheathe sword is safe, and entered the mosque is safe, and entered the house of Abu Sufyan is safe). . Thus, only a messenger between the house of Abu Sufyan and the house of God, which is a great honor hath not one like him, no wonder then if many of them the safest and started working on extending his conquests spread Islam ..
Sid in the reign of Caliphs:
Umayyads did a good job in the wars of apostasy, and marched them to the Levant, nickname, bone them and reminded them, of whom Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, who appointed the Abu Bakr lead the armies of the four by me to open the Sham .. The lah Omar of Damascus, as his brother, Crown Sid some states of the Levant .. When he died more than added Omar Sid was his brother .. Since receipt of Uthman ibn Affan succession Crown Sid Sham as a whole, then take this country after the killing of Osman .. And when he became Ali bin Abi Talib, in the city declined to Sid on the pledge of allegiance to him, accusing him of Balhoadp in order Othman, was killed by harboring and non-punishment of them .. And pledged allegiance to the people of Syria to demand the blood of Othman and Ali fight, which caused disagreement and division among the people of Iraq and the people of Syria .. In short, the house of Abd Shams moved from sovereignty to sovereignty in ignorance of Islam.
Sid recipes:
Sid was a shrewd shrewd Arabs, and Oovarham luck in politics .. A good measure of the things the king, dreamed the dream and in situations of intense hardship in places .. He was generous hospitable to the supervision of his flock .. Has been able to attract men of moderate opinions in opposition parties, to rein in Fasttaa Muslims in general and especially outsiders .. He underwent his sons of immigrants and supporters who believe that the first succession.
Will to his son shortly before his death:
Sid was sick disease death recommended more than his son will show the payment of his mind and his experience and knowledge of things men said to him: Look at the people of Hijaz, including your origin and thy strength, it is the story reached them Vokrema Palace and you Vtaahidh .. And see the people of Iraq, they ask to isolate a factor in every day Vaazlh, isolating one factor is easier than one hundred cells sword, you do not know who you are on the circuit .. Then see the people of Syria Vajolhm logo without the jacket, the enemy Rabk Varmh doubt them .. I'm not afraid you only three: Al-Hussein bin Ali, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr and Abdullah ibn Umar, either Al-Hussein Bin Ali, I hope that Ikveckh of God, but it trot Ibn al-Zubayr (shrewd) lizard, conquered by the piece, the pieces .. As I age it is a man who had Qzh piety (sick leave), Fajl between him and the Hereafter prejudice between you and the worldly .. Sid died in Rajab year 60 AH.
Belongs Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, the founder of the Umayyad Muslims condemn her almost ninety years old, to illiteracy ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf bin Qusai, and his mother is the threshold bin Hind bint Rabiah ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf .. The illiteracy of the masters of Quraish in ignorance, as was Hashim Bin Abd Manaf, so do not wonder if we compete with these Batnan the principality of Quraish, and the illiteracy of many money and the children, and he had a dozen children have excelled honor and sovereignty, including war and Sufyan Abu Sufyan .. The son of illiterate war leader of Quraish on lechery, and led by Abu Sufyan Qureshi in the wars against the Prophet peace be upon him, the owner of the caravan coming from Syria to Mecca, which took place for which the Great Battle of Badr .. The commander of the army at the time dispersion for the protection of the Quraysh, the threshold bin Abd Shams Sid's grandfather to his mother .. His father was the owner of the caravan, he found his horn, and said to them set an example for the Inactive: (not in the caravan or in the eustachian tube) .. He was born Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan in Mecca before the mission five years ..
Islam:
Sid the safest day of the conquest of Mecca, he and his father and his brother and his mother over India .. Sid arrived to twenty-three years old, Vatakzh Prophet peace be upon him a writer of Revelation .. When opened Makkah in the eighth year of the migration of wanted Abu Sufyan to prevent harm and humiliation for his people, and ended Abbas that the Prophet, ordered calling for calls in Mecca: (from Sheathe sword is safe, and entered the mosque is safe, and entered the house of Abu Sufyan is safe). . Thus, only a messenger between the house of Abu Sufyan and the house of God, which is a great honor hath not one like him, no wonder then if many of them the safest and started working on extending his conquests spread Islam ..
Sid in the reign of Caliphs:
Umayyads did a good job in the wars of apostasy, and marched them to the Levant, nickname, bone them and reminded them, of whom Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, who appointed the Abu Bakr lead the armies of the four by me to open the Sham .. The lah Omar of Damascus, as his brother, Crown Sid some states of the Levant .. When he died more than added Omar Sid was his brother .. Since receipt of Uthman ibn Affan succession Crown Sid Sham as a whole, then take this country after the killing of Osman .. And when he became Ali bin Abi Talib, in the city declined to Sid on the pledge of allegiance to him, accusing him of Balhoadp in order Othman, was killed by harboring and non-punishment of them .. And pledged allegiance to the people of Syria to demand the blood of Othman and Ali fight, which caused disagreement and division among the people of Iraq and the people of Syria .. In short, the house of Abd Shams moved from sovereignty to sovereignty in ignorance of Islam.
Sid recipes:
Sid was a shrewd shrewd Arabs, and Oovarham luck in politics .. A good measure of the things the king, dreamed the dream and in situations of intense hardship in places .. He was generous hospitable to the supervision of his flock .. Has been able to attract men of moderate opinions in opposition parties, to rein in Fasttaa Muslims in general and especially outsiders .. He underwent his sons of immigrants and supporters who believe that the first succession.
Will to his son shortly before his death:
Sid was sick disease death recommended more than his son will show the payment of his mind and his experience and knowledge of things men said to him: Look at the people of Hijaz, including your origin and thy strength, it is the story reached them Vokrema Palace and you Vtaahidh .. And see the people of Iraq, they ask to isolate a factor in every day Vaazlh, isolating one factor is easier than one hundred cells sword, you do not know who you are on the circuit .. Then see the people of Syria Vajolhm logo without the jacket, the enemy Rabk Varmh doubt them .. I'm not afraid you only three: Al-Hussein bin Ali, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr and Abdullah ibn Umar, either Al-Hussein Bin Ali, I hope that Ikveckh of God, but it trot Ibn al-Zubayr (shrewd) lizard, conquered by the piece, the pieces .. As I age it is a man who had Qzh piety (sick leave), Fajl between him and the Hereafter prejudice between you and the worldly .. Sid died in Rajab year 60 AH.
ملاحظة :
يجب عليك قرائة كل كلمة والتأكد منها
تمنياتي لك بالفائدة
#3
تاريخ المشاركة 03 October 2010 - 02:18 PM
إقتباس(اشراقه صباح @ Oct 2 2010, 04:54 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
اهلاااا وسسهللا ..
.
.
كل عام وانتو بألف خير وسنه جديده ان شاء الله سعيده وتممر بسسرعه .. << اخلصي علينا
الله يعافيكم ابي مساعدتكم في شي بسسيط .. !
عندنا زي التعبير لازم نعبر عن شخص مشهور اول اي شخص مثلا ض1
سيرته الشخصيه وكذا ..
فـ ابي الله يعافيكم تعطوني رايكم وش اكتب عن ايشش ؟
واللي قد كتبت تساعدني الله يعافيها .. ق1
شووكرا جدا جدداا ..
.
.
كل عام وانتو بألف خير وسنه جديده ان شاء الله سعيده وتممر بسسرعه .. << اخلصي علينا
الله يعافيكم ابي مساعدتكم في شي بسسيط .. !
عندنا زي التعبير لازم نعبر عن شخص مشهور اول اي شخص مثلا ض1
سيرته الشخصيه وكذا ..
فـ ابي الله يعافيكم تعطوني رايكم وش اكتب عن ايشش ؟
واللي قد كتبت تساعدني الله يعافيها .. ق1
شووكرا جدا جدداا ..
أهلا وسهلا بالأخت اشراقة الصباح،
وكل عام وانت بخير، اعاده الله علينا وعليكم بالخير واليمن والبركات، وان شاء الله سوف تشرقين على الواحة مثل الشمس الساطعة بإطلالتك لمواضيعها الهادفة والمفيدة لكي تفيدي وتستفيدي.
أما بما يخص سؤالك، فأرى ان الغالية الأخت ثلوج اوفت وردت عليك بما فيه الكفاية على تساؤولاتك، واشكرها بالنيابة.
وممكن أن أظيف اقتراح آخر وهو شخصية أيضا غني عن التعريف وهو عميد الأدب العربي طه حسين فلك الطريقة
ان تفتح صفحة قوقل إن كان بحثك بالعربي تبحثين بالعربي وتكتبين بيوغرافيا طه حسين
او ان كان بالانجليزي تكتبين Taha Hussein Biography
أنا اخترت هذه المعطيات
إقتباس
Encyclopedia of World Biography on Taha Husayn
Taha Husayn (sometimes spelled Hussein) (1889-1973) is considered one of Egypt's leading men of letters. Blind from early childhood, he devoted his life to intellectual freedom for the writer, critic, and scholar and to the introduction of Western learning into his country.
Taha Husayn was born on Nov. 4, 1889, in Maghagha, a mill town in Minya Province, Egypt. One of 11 children, he became blind at the age of three from a combination of eye disease and folk medicine. After completing studies at the village mosque school, Taha was sent to Cairo (1902) to attend al-Azhar, the mosque university that served as a theological seminary to much of the Moslem world. Because of his outspoken opposition to the school's teaching system at al-Azhar, Husayn was failed in his final examinations. He enrolled in the new, secular Egyptian University, where he studied with some of the leading scholars of the time, Egyptian and European, in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies. In this heady new atmosphere, Husayn received the first doctorate awarded by the university (1914) for his thesis on Abu-l-Ala al-Maarri, the blind Syrian philosopher of the 11th century.
Study in France
In 1915 Husayn won a scholarship for study in France, first to Montpellier and then to Paris. In Montpellier he employed a young Frenchwoman and student, Suzanne Bresseau, as his reader, and she later became his wife. His fields of study were literature and philosophy, including classical, and he became deeply interested in contemporary French literature.
Upon his return to Egypt after earning his doctorate in 1919, Husayn became a lecturer in ancient history at Egyptian University, and in 1925 he was given the chair in Arabic language and literature. Soon after he was elected dean of the faculty, the first Egyptian to hold the post.
A Provocative Career
In 1926 the young professor caused a public uproar with his work on pre-Islamic poetry that scandalized conservative Moslem opinion by criticizing traditional assumptions. The outcry almost caused the fall of the government, and the book was eventually withdrawn and reissued in a less provocative version.
Husayn's boldness and fervent support of academic freedom were not forgotten, however, and in 1932 he was dismissed. He wrote prodigiously for literary magazines and newspapers, as well as more substantial works. He became a prime mover in the founding of Alexandria University, and was minister of education and chairman of the cultural committee of the League of Arab States. In later years he was awarded many domestic and foreign honors.
Publications
Hasayn retired from academic life in 1952 to continue his writings, which he did until his death in 1973. The vast body of his works places him at the forefront of the Egyptian literary renaissance of the 20th century. He worked on the edition of classical Arabic texts and translated ancient Greek and modern French classics into Arabic.
Husayn's more purely literary studies were, on classical Arabic poetry, Ma al-Mutanabbi (1937; With al-Mutanabbi); and on modern Arabic poets, Hafiz wa-Shawqi (1933; Hafiz and Shawqi). His studies of the political and social history of early Islam include Al-Fitnah al-Kubra (The Great Time of Troubles), an interpretation of major political and ideological clashes.
Husayn's fiction includes numerous short stories as well as novels such as Ala Hamish al-Sirah (3 vols., 1933-1943; On the Margin of the Prophet's Life) and novellas with modern, often Upper Egyptian settings such as Dua al-Karawan (1934; The Appeal of the Caravan) and Shajarat al-Bus (1944; The Tree of Despair).
Husayn's fiction often became a vehicle to attack the Egyptian "system" that he knew. One of his most important works on educational and cultural policy is the major study Mustaqbal al-Thaqafah fi Misr (2 vols., 1938; The Future of Culture in Egypt), in which he developed his thesis that Egyptian culture was part of Mediterranean culture and hence any attempt to "orientalize" it was a dangerous error.
In his moving autobiography, Al-Ayyam (3 vols., 1929-1955; The Days), Husayn retells in simple language his own story, from village life and childhood blindness through educational trials and maturity. The value and appeal of this work are suggested by the fact that it has been translated into at least nine languages, including Chinese, English, Hebrew, and Russian.
Taha Husayn (sometimes spelled Hussein) (1889-1973) is considered one of Egypt's leading men of letters. Blind from early childhood, he devoted his life to intellectual freedom for the writer, critic, and scholar and to the introduction of Western learning into his country.
Taha Husayn was born on Nov. 4, 1889, in Maghagha, a mill town in Minya Province, Egypt. One of 11 children, he became blind at the age of three from a combination of eye disease and folk medicine. After completing studies at the village mosque school, Taha was sent to Cairo (1902) to attend al-Azhar, the mosque university that served as a theological seminary to much of the Moslem world. Because of his outspoken opposition to the school's teaching system at al-Azhar, Husayn was failed in his final examinations. He enrolled in the new, secular Egyptian University, where he studied with some of the leading scholars of the time, Egyptian and European, in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies. In this heady new atmosphere, Husayn received the first doctorate awarded by the university (1914) for his thesis on Abu-l-Ala al-Maarri, the blind Syrian philosopher of the 11th century.
Study in France
In 1915 Husayn won a scholarship for study in France, first to Montpellier and then to Paris. In Montpellier he employed a young Frenchwoman and student, Suzanne Bresseau, as his reader, and she later became his wife. His fields of study were literature and philosophy, including classical, and he became deeply interested in contemporary French literature.
Upon his return to Egypt after earning his doctorate in 1919, Husayn became a lecturer in ancient history at Egyptian University, and in 1925 he was given the chair in Arabic language and literature. Soon after he was elected dean of the faculty, the first Egyptian to hold the post.
A Provocative Career
In 1926 the young professor caused a public uproar with his work on pre-Islamic poetry that scandalized conservative Moslem opinion by criticizing traditional assumptions. The outcry almost caused the fall of the government, and the book was eventually withdrawn and reissued in a less provocative version.
Husayn's boldness and fervent support of academic freedom were not forgotten, however, and in 1932 he was dismissed. He wrote prodigiously for literary magazines and newspapers, as well as more substantial works. He became a prime mover in the founding of Alexandria University, and was minister of education and chairman of the cultural committee of the League of Arab States. In later years he was awarded many domestic and foreign honors.
Publications
Hasayn retired from academic life in 1952 to continue his writings, which he did until his death in 1973. The vast body of his works places him at the forefront of the Egyptian literary renaissance of the 20th century. He worked on the edition of classical Arabic texts and translated ancient Greek and modern French classics into Arabic.
Husayn's more purely literary studies were, on classical Arabic poetry, Ma al-Mutanabbi (1937; With al-Mutanabbi); and on modern Arabic poets, Hafiz wa-Shawqi (1933; Hafiz and Shawqi). His studies of the political and social history of early Islam include Al-Fitnah al-Kubra (The Great Time of Troubles), an interpretation of major political and ideological clashes.
Husayn's fiction includes numerous short stories as well as novels such as Ala Hamish al-Sirah (3 vols., 1933-1943; On the Margin of the Prophet's Life) and novellas with modern, often Upper Egyptian settings such as Dua al-Karawan (1934; The Appeal of the Caravan) and Shajarat al-Bus (1944; The Tree of Despair).
Husayn's fiction often became a vehicle to attack the Egyptian "system" that he knew. One of his most important works on educational and cultural policy is the major study Mustaqbal al-Thaqafah fi Misr (2 vols., 1938; The Future of Culture in Egypt), in which he developed his thesis that Egyptian culture was part of Mediterranean culture and hence any attempt to "orientalize" it was a dangerous error.
In his moving autobiography, Al-Ayyam (3 vols., 1929-1955; The Days), Husayn retells in simple language his own story, from village life and childhood blindness through educational trials and maturity. The value and appeal of this work are suggested by the fact that it has been translated into at least nine languages, including Chinese, English, Hebrew, and Russian.
لكن اوصيك ان تتبعين طريقة البحث كما اوضحت لك الغالية ثلوج
واوصيك ان تتأكيدين من كل معطيات البحث سواءا في Wikipedia
هذا من جهة، ومن جهة ثانية، إن كانت الشخصية لديك معروفة وحافظة لسيرتها الذاتية
اعلمي عزيزتي أن يستوجب عليك لعملية البحث ان تضعين خطة
اي مثلما قرأتي لكلتا البحثين
والخطة تتمثل في :
1- المقدمة للموضوع
2- حياة الشخصية وهذا صلب الموضوع
3- أعماله و التي تتلخص في سيرته الذاتية
وهذه الخطة يسمى عند الغرب بالبيوغرافيا.
ولك مني خالص التحية وبالتوفيق لك.
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا إِلَى جَمَالِ آيَاتِكَ نَاظِرِينَ، ولِرَوَائِعِ قُدْرَتِكَ مُبْصِرينَ، وَإِلَى جَنَابِكَ الرَّحِيمِ مُتَّجِهِينَ، وَاجْعَلْنَا عَلَى نَهْجِ النَّبِيِّ المُصْطَفَى - عَلَيْهِ أَفَضَلُ الصَّلاَةِ وَأَزْكَى التَّسْلِيمِ - سَالِكِينَ، وَبِسُنَّتِهِ وَهِدَايَتِهِ عَامِلِينَ، وَبِآثَارِهِ مُقْتَفِينَ، وَمَتِّعْنَا اللَّهُمَّ بِصُحْبَتِهِ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ. اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي أَخْشَاكَ حَتَّى كَأَنِّي أَرَاكَ، وَأَسْعِدْنِي بِتَقْوَاكَ، وَلاَ تَجْعَلْنِي بِمَعْصِيَتِكَ مَطْرُوداً، وَرَضِّنِي بِقَضَائِكَ، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِي قَدَرِكَ، وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَنِي